Happy Birthday GM Ravi Haria (07-ii-1999)

BCN sends birthday wishes to GM Ravi Haria.

Ravi Haria was born Sunday, February 7th, 1999  in Elstree, Hertfordshire. “Maria” by Blondie was top of the hit parade. Ravi currently resides in London.

Ravi attended Lyonsdown School in Barnet and then The Haberdashers’ Aske’s Boys’ School and now reads History at University College, London.

ECF grading profiles for Ravi Haria
ECF grading profiles for Ravi Haria

Ravi learnt at the age of 6 and joined Barnet Knights Chess Club in 2005.   His first chess teacher was Angela Eyton who taught him the moves and Angela was followed by Tony Niccoli and then Julian Meszoras on his ascent of the chess ladder.

Ravi’s first recorded tournament was the 35th Barnet Knights Under-8  rapidplay on September 25th 2005. Also playing of note were Jonathan Pein and Isaac Sanders.

His first recorded standard play game  was in the London Junior Under-10 Championships on December 9th 2006.

By the time he was eight he had attracted the attention of the England selectors and played in the 2008 Commonwealth Championships in New Delhi coming home with a bronze medal.

Ravi aged 8 photographed by The Borehamwood and Elstree Times in January 2008
Ravi aged 8 photographed by The Borehamwood and Elstree Times in January 2008
Ravi aged 9 photographed by The Borehamwood and Elstree Times in August 2008
Ravi aged 9 photographed by The Borehamwood and Elstree Times in August 2008

In 2008 Ravi won the British Under-9 title in Liverpool. He said afterwards:

It was quite nice to be leading everyone and I felt proud of myself. I’m not sure how I control my nerves but it feels really good to win.

His mother Sona said:

It’s a bit overwhelming but we just support him. It means you have to give up a lot of time for him but it’s really nice to see that he’s getting somewhere.

This was followed in 2014 by winning the British Under-18 championship in Aberystwyth aged 15 and then the same title in 2017 in Llandudno.

Ravi Haria, UKCC Southern Gigafinal, 2013
Ravi Haria, UKCC Southern Gigafinal, 2013

In 2016 Ravi was equal 2nd to Deep Sengupta at the Hastings Masters Open with an impressive 6/9 and a TPR of 2563.  This performance secured his second IM norm.

The IM title was conferred at the 88th FIDE Congress 2017, 7-15 October, Goynuk, Antalya, Turkey.

He scored six points after 11 rounds at the 2017 World Junior championship in Italy and 5.5 points at the 2017 WYCC U-18 group in Uruguay.

[embedyt] https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eGT7kcTRlBA[/embedyt]

Ravi completed his British junior titles run by becoming the current (no OTB event in 2020) British Under-21 champion in 2019 in Torquay scoring an emphatic 6.5/9 securing a share of third place.

Partial crosstable for the 2019 British Championships in Torquay
Partial crosstable for the 2019 British Championships in Torquay

Ravi became a FIDE Master in 2015 at the age of 16 and and International Master two years later making him England’s second youngest IM after Matthew Wadsworth.

OTB Elo rating profile for IM Ravi Haria according to MegaBase 2020
OTB Elo rating profile for IM Ravi Haria according to MegaBase 2020

His peak FIDE rating was 2497 in October 2021 and currently (February  2022) is 2490.

In 2019 Ravi teamed up with IM Adam C. Taylor to join Adam’s Making Grandmasters training venture.

FM Ravi Haria, ECF Secondary Schools Rapidplay, 2016
FM Ravi Haria, ECF Secondary Schools Rapidplay, 2016

On January 28th 2021 Thinker’s Publishing released The Modernised Anti-Sicilians, Volume 1, Rossolimo Variation which is a massive 520 page tome on the following position :

[fen]r1bqkbnr/pp1ppppp/2n5/1Bp5/4P3/5N2/PPPP1PPP/RNBQK2R b KQkq – 0 1[/fen]

which was reviewed by FM Richard Webb.

which we hope will be followed by at least Volume 2!

The Modernized Anti-Sicilians - Volume 1: Rossolimo Variation, Ravi Haria, Thinker's Publishing, 2021
The Modernized Anti-Sicilians – Volume 1: Rossolimo Variation, Ravi Haria, Thinker’s Publishing, 2021

Ravi has plus scores against : Matthew Turner, Simon Williams, William Claridge Hansen, Bob Eames, David Eggleston and Arul Gupta to name but a few.

GM John Emms plays IM Ravi Haria in the final round of the 2019 British Championships in Torquay
GM John Emms plays IM Ravi Haria in the final round of the 2019 British Championships in Torquay

With the white pieces Ravi unsurprisingly plays the Moscow and Rossolimo variations against the Sicilian,  the Ruy Lopez and, in recent years, he has adopted the Reti/English complex.

As the second player he plays the French Winawer and (refreshingly) the Abrahams-Noteboom Variation of the Semi-Slav.

For your entertainment we have these two  brevities :

[pgn]
[Event “Hastings Masters op 88th”]
[Site “Hastings”]
[Date “2012.12.29”]
[Round “2”]
[White “Haria, Ravi”]
[Black “Pooley, Mark”]
[Result “1-0”]
[ECO “B00”]
[WhiteElo “2032”]
[BlackElo “1693”]
[Annotator “British chess News”]
[PlyCount “27”]
[EventDate “2012.12.28”]
[EventType “swiss”]
[EventRounds “10”]
[EventCountry “ENG”]
[SourceTitle “CBM 152 Extra”]
[Source “ChessBase”]
[SourceDate “2013.02.25”]
[SourceVersion “1”]
[SourceVersionDate “2013.02.25”]
[SourceQuality “1”]

{[%evp 0,27,19,31,80,69,63,60,69,29,74,57,56,50,101,40,96,40,69,57,52,59,196,
71,56,-23,86,56,886,933]} 1. e4 b6 2. d4 Bb7 3. Bd3 d6 4. Qe2 g6 $146 5. Bf4
Bg7 6. Nf3 e6 $6 7. O-O Nc6 8. c3 Nce7 9. Nbd2 Nf6 10. e5 Nd7 $2 (10… Nfd5)
11. Ne4 d5 12. Neg5 c5 $2 {[#]} 13. Nxf7 $1 Qc8 14. Nd6+ 1-0
[/pgn]

and

[pgn]
[Event “Brighton e2e4 Masters”]
[Site “Brighton”]
[Date “2013.02.17”]
[Round “3”]
[White “Haria, Ravi”]
[Black “Whitehead, David J”]
[Result “1-0”]
[ECO “B51”]
[WhiteElo “2053”]
[BlackElo “2055”]
[Annotator “British Chess News”]
[PlyCount “31”]
[EventDate “2013.02.16”]
[EventType “swiss”]
[EventRounds “9”]
[EventCountry “ENG”]
[SourceTitle “CBM 153 Extra”]
[Source “ChessBase”]
[SourceDate “2013.04.22”]
[SourceVersion “1”]
[SourceVersionDate “2013.04.22”]
[SourceQuality “1”]

{[%evp 0,31,19,38,72,69,49,32,64,9,10,5,11,-27,-11,4,19,19,41,36,127,98,122,
107,184,182,172,176,183,210,213,238,503,509]} 1. e4 c5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 d6 4.
Bxc6+ bxc6 5. O-O e5 6. c3 f5 7. exf5 Bxf5 ({Relevant:} 7… Nf6 8. d4 cxd4 9.
cxd4 e4 10. Ng5 d5 11. f3 h6 12. Ne6 Bxe6 13. fxe6 Bd6 14. fxe4 dxe4 15. Nc3
O-O 16. Qe2 Bc7 17. Qc4 Kh8 18. Bf4 Ng4 19. Ne2 Bxf4 20. Nxf4 Qg5 21. Qxc6 Ne3
22. Qxe4 Nxf1 23. Ng6+ Kg8 24. Nxf8 Qe3+ 25. Qxe3 Nxe3 26. Nd7 Re8 27. Re1 Nc2
28. Re4 Nb4 29. Nc5 Kf8 30. a3 Nd5 31. Nd3 Ke7 32. Nf4 Nf6 33. Re5 Kd6 34. Ra5
g5 35. Ra6+ Kc7 36. Nd3 Ne4 37. d5 {Rublevsky,S (2678)-Moranda,W (2578) Warsaw
2010 1-0}) 8. d4 e4 $6 9. dxc5 {[#]} d5 $2 $146 ({Predecessor:} 9… exf3 10.
Qxf3 Be6 11. Re1 Kd7 12. cxd6 Qf6 13. Bf4 Qf5 14. Nd2 Nf6 15. Qe2 Re8 16. Qe3
Qa5 17. Nf3 Bxd6 18. Bxd6 Kxd6 19. Nd4 Qd5 20. Qg3+ Kc5 21. Re5 Kb6 22. Rxd5
Bxd5 23. f3 a5 24. Qxg7 Rhf8 25. b4 axb4 26. cxb4 Nh5 27. Qh6 Nf4 28. Rc1 Kb7
29. b5 cxb5 30. Qd6 Rf7 31. Nxb5 Ree7 32. Nd4 Ka7 33. Rb1 Rb7 34. Nb5+ Ka8 35.
Qd8+ {1-0 (35) Rublevsky,S (2684)-Sveshnikov,E (2563) Herceg Novi 1999}) 10.
Nd4 Qd7 11. Be3 Ne7 $6 12. f3 $1 g6 13. Nd2 Bg7 14. fxe4 dxe4 15. Nc4 O-O $2 (
15… Bxd4 16. Nd6+ Kd8 17. Qxd4 {is crushing}) 16. Nxf5 1-0

[/pgn]

Ravi has played for University College London. Hendon and Cavendish in the London and other leagues and in 4NCL he started with Kings Head, transferring to Cambridge in 2014 and finally moving in 2016 to Wood Green.

In this game Ravi punishes IM Malcolm Pein who has a bad day at the office :

[pgn]
[Event “BCF-chT 1314 (4NCL)”]
[Site “England”]
[Date “2013.11.16”]
[Round “1.125”]
[White “Haria, Ravi”]
[Black “Pein, Malcolm”]
[Result “1-0”]
[ECO “B09”]
[WhiteElo “2151”]
[BlackElo “2371”]
[Annotator “British Chess News”]
[PlyCount “51”]
[EventDate “2013.11.16”]
[EventType “team-swiss”]
[EventRounds “11”]
[EventCountry “ENG”]
[SourceTitle “EXT 2015”]
[Source “ChessBase”]
[SourceDate “2014.11.20”]
[SourceVersion “1”]
[SourceVersionDate “2014.11.20”]
[SourceQuality “1”]
[WhiteTeam “Kings Head”]
[BlackTeam “Wood Green Hilsmark II”]
[WhiteTeamCountry “ENG”]
[BlackTeamCountry “ENG”]

{[%evp 0,46,30,16,62,68,81,59,76,25,46,36,64,64,59,42,32,-12,7,-7,63,101,101,
101,101,81,85,112,77,57,47,-1,-1,-9,11,27,27,27,2,7,5,19,99,96,173,173,173,173,
485]} 1. e4 d6 2. d4 Nf6 3. Nc3 g6 4. f4 Bg7 5. Nf3 Nc6 {a favourite line of
MPs, Vallejo Pons and Keith Richardson} (5… O-O) 6. d5 (6. Bd3) 6… Nb8 7.
Bc4 (7. Bd3) 7… O-O 8. O-O c6 $11 {[#] You might not expect it but this is
a fairly rare position.} 9. a4 $146 (9. dxc6 Nxc6 10. Kh1) 9… b5 $6 {
activating the g7 bishop by a curious route but how weak is the e7 pawn as a
consequence?} 10. axb5 cxb5 11. Nxb5 Nxe4 12. Qe2 Nf6 13. Bd2 Nbd7 14. Nxa7 $5
{probably activating the a8 rook too much!} Bb7 15. Ba5 Qb8 16. Nc6 Bxc6 17.
dxc6 Rxa5 18. Rxa5 Qb6+ 19. Kh1 Qxa5 20. cxd7 e6 $2 {[#] A strange oversight
from Malcolm} (20… Qc7 {is good enough and Black is fine.}) 21. Bxe6 $1 fxe6
22. Qxe6+ Kh8 23. Qxd6 $18 Qf5 {and Black resigned.} {Perhaps} 24. d8=Q Ne4 25.
Q6d7 Rxd8 26. Qxd8+ $18 1-0
[/pgn]

Ravi Haria, British Championships, 2014, Aberystwyth
Ravi Haria, British Championships, 2014, Aberystwyth

Ravi is Mesutgm on chess.com and lichess

[pgn]
[Event “Reykjavik op”]
[Site “Reykjavik”]
[Date “2018.03.06”]
[Round “1”]
[White “Haria, Ravi”]
[Black “Karlsson, Mikael Johann”]
[Result “1-0”]
[ECO “B31”]
[WhiteElo “2424”]
[BlackElo “2150”]
[Annotator “British Chess News”]
[PlyCount “55”]
[EventDate “2018.03.06”]
[EventType “swiss”]
[EventRounds “9”]
[EventCountry “ISL”]
[SourceTitle “CBM 183 Extra”]
[Source “ChessBase”]
[SourceDate “2018.04.19”]
[SourceVersion “1”]
[SourceVersionDate “2018.04.19”]
[SourceQuality “1”]

{[%evp 0,55,19,31,72,53,66,21,74,31,43,31,49,36,33,18,25,19,23,19,14,-5,17,12,
11,0,14,21,64,63,57,57,57,88,69,69,58,176,186,208,218,237,308,320,409,339,322,
280,318,283,297,287,294,329,469,562,848,696]} 1. e4 c5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 g6 4.
Bxc6 dxc6 5. d3 Bg7 6. h3 e5 7. Be3 b6 8. a4 a5 9. Nbd2 f6 10. Nc4 Be6 11. Qc1
$146 (11. Nfd2) 11… Qc7 12. O-O Rd8 13. Nfd2 Nh6 $6 14. b4 $1 axb4 15. a5 b5
16. Nb6 $18 Nf7 17. Bxc5 Bf8 18. Nb3 Bxc5 $6 (18… Ng5) 19. Nxc5 Ke7 20. Qe3
Rd4 21. f4 Bc8 $2 22. Nb3 (22. Qf2 $1) 22… Rdd8 23. Qc5+ (23. fxe5 Nxe5 24.
d4 $18) 23… Qd6 24. fxe5 Nxe5 25. a6 Nd7 26. Nxd7 Rxd7 27. Qf2 Bb7 28. Nc5
1-0
[/pgn]

Over the 19th – 23rd August  2021 Ravi played in the Wood Green Invitational round-robin event at Oddfellows Hall, Stafford.

Ravi scored 7.5/10 and secured his second Grandmaster Norm and  a TPR of 2680.

Wood Green Invitational Round-Robin event at Oddfellows Hall, Stafford. August Bank Holiday Weekend, 2021
Wood Green Invitational Round-Robin event at Oddfellows Hall, Stafford. August Bank Holiday Weekend, 2021

Over the August Bank Holiday weekend of 2021 Ravi played in the Northumbrian Masters  GM Tournament at the splendid Marriott MetroCentre, Gateshead winning jointly with Conor Murphy scoring 6.5/9 with a TPR of 2600. This gave Ravi his third and final GM norm.

The norm was ratified at a recent FIDE Congress. As of February 2022 Ravi stood at 2490 for standard-play.

Happy Birthday FM Jimmy Adams (07-ii-1947)

BCN sends Birthday wishes to FM Jimmy Adams

James Bernard Adams was born on Friday, February 7th, 1947 to James Adams and Ivy F Soule in Islington, London. He attended Highbury County Grammar School for Boys.

Jimmy was married to Sharon and they have a daughter, Charlotte.

In 1958 Jimmy at the age of 11 joined his local Islington Chess Club (at the time Islington & North London Chess Club) and soon afterwards became a London Junior Champion. Following this Jimmy played little chess and was working for John Lewis (echoes of CHO’D Alexander and Leonard Barden). Following John Lewis Jimmy worked as a Health and Safety Officer for Islington Council.

At this time Islington Chess Club was one of the strongest in England and included such members as Kenny Harman, Ron Harman, Danny Wright, Stewart Reuben and others. Its most famous member was probably IM Simon Webb

The Spassky-Fischer match of 1972 re-kindled his lapsed interest and he won with a 100% score the London Amateur Championship.

He joined and was a staunch member of London Central YMCA (CENTYMCA) chess club and he wrote a privately published history of the club entitled The CENTYMCA Story. This is now a much sought after publication. His membership continued during the 1970s until around 1979.

The CentYMCA Story by Jimmy Adams, 1976
The CentYMCA Story by Jimmy Adams, 1976
The CentYMCA Story by Jimmy Adams, 1976
The CentYMCA Story by Jimmy Adams, 1976

During this period Jimmy was extremely active at the Endell Street premises.

Here is Jimmy playing Viktor Korchnoi at Endell Street (in the Phase Two classrooms) :

Jimmy plays Viktor Korchnoi at the Endell Street premises of London Central YMCA on January 18th, 1976. Photographer potentially John Yeo
Jimmy plays Viktor Korchnoi at the Endell Street premises of London Central YMCA on January 18th, 1976. Photographer potentially John Yeo

In 1974 Jimmy embarked on a highly successful career as a writer and journalist. He contributed articles to both CHESS and the British Chess Magazine and authored a number of acclaimed books for BatsfordThe Chess PlayerCaissa Books and latterly, New in Chess. He also self-published the first book on Bobby Fischer’s successor entitled K is for Karpov! His books on Chigorin, Zukertort and Breyer are universally regarded  as some of the finest chess biographies published.

In 1979 Jimmy joined Metropolitan Chess Club to play in the London League A Division. He played top board and scored very highly with many significant scalps.

Jimmy gained his FM title in 2014 (at the age of 67!). 67 must be one of the most advanced ages to acquire an FM title. According to Felice his peak rating was 2300 in January 1981 aged 34.

Jimmy giving a simultaneous display
Jimmy giving a simultaneous display

He joined Metropolitan  Chess Club. He joined Barbican, as did many other CENTYMCA players, following the hiatus over their Tottenham Court Road venue loss.

Jimmy records a game between David Howell and Andrew Whiteley in 2000.
Jimmy records a game between David Howell and Andrew Whiteley in 2000.

In December 2009 Jimmy visited the London Chess Classic and was photographed with VIP guest Viktor Korchnoi :

Viktor Korchnoi in conversation with Jimmy Adams at the 2009 London Chess Classic. Photograph by Mark Huba
Viktor Korchnoi in conversation with Jimmy Adams at the 2009 London Chess Classic. Photograph by Mark Huba

Jimmy was Editor of Middlesex Chessletter and Bayswater Chess in the early 1970s and produced major bulletins on the hugely successful Islington Congresses of the same period. He then worked for Pergamon Chess Books which led to his editorship of CHESS / CHESS Monthly magazine from until 2010 although his name remained on the masthead until February 2012.

In 2012 Jimmy and Ray Cannon attended a meeting of the Ken Whyld Association in Norwich :

Jimmy Adams and Michael Negele at the 2012 meeting of the Ken Whyld Association
Jimmy Adams and Michael Negele at the 2012 meeting of the Ken Whyld Association
Jimmy and Ray Cannon at a 2012 meeting in Norwich of the Ken Whyld Association
Jimmy and Ray Cannon at a 2012 meeting in Norwich of the Ken Whyld Association

In January 2016 Jimmy (together with Josip Asik) became co-editors of British Chess Magazine taking over from James Pratt and John Upham.
Jimmy also jointly edited Chess Informants 109-132 up to 2017 before taking on the role of Deputy Editor of the newly created American Chess Magazine whilst continuing to work as editor for Batsford Chess which had changed ownership over the years and had now been taken under the umbrella of Pavillion Books.

In 2014 Jimmy and Ray attended an event organised by the father of Emma Bentley

Jimmy Adams and Ray Cannon at an event organised by Emma Bentley's father.
Jimmy Adams and Ray Cannon at an event organised by Emma Bentley’s father.

Here is an interview with Sarah Hurst from Kingpin Magazine

[embedyt] https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1oivIsVuygw[/embedyt]

[pgn]
[Event “Middlesex League”]
[Site “London”]
[Date “1975.10.??”]
[Round “?”]
[White “Goodman, David SC”]
[Black “Adams, James Bernard”]
[Result “0-1”]
[ECO “E61”]
[Annotator “British Chess News”]
[PlyCount “64”]
[EventDate “1975.??.??”]
[EventCountry “ENG”]
[WhiteTeam “YMCA Juniors”]
[BlackTeam “YMCA Tigers”]
[WhiteTeamCountry “ENG”]
[BlackTeamCountry “ENG”]

{[%evp 0,64,19,18,47,-16,43,38,38,37,50,22,20,30,11,18,24,34,64,37,60,61,70,59,
61,35,40,27,27,42,59,15,24,25,25,35,93,98,118,68,71,-28,5,11,41,30,32,11,3,-48,
-18,-93,-88,-82,-82,-82,-65,-45,-63,-83,-79,-70,-70,-130,-135,-222,-220]} 1. d4
Nf6 2. c4 g6 3. Nc3 Bg7 4. Nf3 O-O 5. Bg5 c5 6. e3 d6 (6… cxd4) 7. Be2 Nc6 8.
d5 {[#]} Nb4 {a little unusual….} ({More common is} 8… Na5 9. Nd2 a6 10.
O-O Rb8 11. e4 Bd7) 9. Nd2 $146 (9. a3 Na6 10. O-O) 9… h6 10. Bh4 e5 11. e4
Bd7 12. g4 Qb6 13. a3 $16 Na6 14. Rb1 Rae8 15. Nf1 Qa5 16. f3 Nh7 17. Ne3 f5 $6
18. gxf5 gxf5 19. Qd2 (19. exf5 $18) 19… f4 20. Nc2 $6 {[#]} (20. Nf5 $1 Bxf5
21. exf5 Rxf5 22. Ne4 $18) 20… Bf6 $1 21. Bxf6 Rxf6 22. Rg1+ Kf7 23. Bd3 Ng5
24. Ke2 Qd8 $11 25. h4 Nh3 26. Rg2 Rg8 27. Rxg8 Qxg8 28. Rf1 Rg6 29. Kd1 Rg2
30. Qe1 Qg3 31. Qxg3 fxg3 32. Ne2 Rxe2 0-1
[/pgn]

The Games of Anatoly Karpov, Batsford, Jimmy Adams, 1974
The Games of Anatoly Karpov, Batsford, Jimmy Adams, 1974
The Complete Games of World Champion Anatoly Karpov, Jimmy Adams, 1976
The Complete Games of World Champion Anatoly Karpov, Jimmy Adams, 1976
The Complete Games of World Champion Anatoly Karpov, Jimmy Adams, 1976
The Complete Games of World Champion Anatoly Karpov, Jimmy Adams, 1976
Sicilian Defence Najdorf Poisoned Pawn, Jimmy Adams, The Chess Player, 1977
Sicilian Defence Najdorf Poisoned Pawn, Jimmy Adams, The Chess Player, 1977
Sicilian Defence 10 : Main Line Najdorf, Jimmy Adams, The Chess Player, 1977
Sicilian Defence 10 : Main Line Najdorf, Jimmy Adams, The Chess Player, 1977
Sicilian Najdorf Polugaevsky Variation, Jimmy Adams, The Chess Player, 1978
Sicilian Najdorf Polugaevsky Variation, Jimmy Adams, The Chess Player, 1978
The Richter Veresov System, The Chess Player, Jimmy Adams, 1978
The Richter Veresov System, The Chess Player, Jimmy Adams, 1978
Trompovsky Attack, The Chess Player, Jimmy Adams, 1979
Trompovsky Attack, The Chess Player, Jimmy Adams, 1979
Schliemann/Jaenisch Gambit, The Chess Player, Jimmy Adams, 1982
Schliemann/Jaenisch Gambit, The Chess Player, Jimmy Adams, 1982
Paris 1900, The Chess Player, Jimmy Adams, 1986
Paris 1900, The Chess Player, Jimmy Adams, 1986
ISAAC BOLESLAVSKY Selected Games, Caissa Books, Jimmy Adams, 1988
ISAAC BOLESLAVSKY Selected Games, Caissa Books, Jimmy Adams, 1988
Johannes Zukertort: Artist of the Chessboard, New in Chess, Jimmy Adams, 2014
Johannes Zukertort: Artist of the Chessboard, New in Chess, Jimmy Adams, 2014
Mikhail Chigorin, the Creative Genius: New in Chess, Jimmy Adams, 2016
Mikhail Chigorin, the Creative Genius: New in Chess, Jimmy Adams, 2016
Gyula Breyer : The Chess Revolutionary, Jimmy Adams, New in Chess, 2017
Gyula Breyer : The Chess Revolutionary, Jimmy Adams, New in Chess, 2017